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FLOWCHART FOR EVERY ONE

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    What is a Flowchart? A flowchart is a visual representation of the sequence of steps and decisions needed to perform a process. Each step in the sequence is noted within a diagram shape. Steps are linked by connecting lines and directional arrows. This allows anyone to view the flowchart and logically follow the process from beginning to end. A flowchart is a powerful business tool. With proper design and construction, it communicates the steps in a process very effectively and efficiently. Here are some of the ways flowcharts are used today. Project planning Program or system design Process documentation Audit a process for inefficiencies or malfunctions Map computer algorithms Documenting workflow Though, flowchart are useful in efficient coding, debugging and analysis of a program, drawing flowchart in very complicated in case of complex programs and often ignored.

WHY IS LISP NOT MORE POPULAR?

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LISP is a risky choice  for senior management. If things go wrong, no one is going to blame management for picking a popular object oriented language backed by a major corporation like Oracle or Microsoft. Its much easier to hire programmers with experience in popular, easy to learn languages. Even progressive companies willing to use a more powerful language usually don't choose LISP. This is because many of the newer languages try and compromise by borrowing powerful features from LISP, while staying easy to learn for the masses. Scala and Ruby follow this model. Bad programmers can pick them up quickly and keep writing the same mediocre code that they did in Java. Good programmers can take advantage of the more advanced features to write beautiful code. Parentheses are not the problem.  Haskell is an incredibly powerful and expressive language with a syntax similar to Python or Ruby and it hasn't been widely adopted for many of the same reasons as LISP.

LISP Connecting to A.I>

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John McCarthy invented LISP in 1958, shortly after the development of FORTRAN. It was first implement by Steve Russell on an IBM 704 computer. It is particularly suitable for Artificial Intelligence programs, as it processes symbolic information effectively. Programs written in Common LISP do not depend on machine-specific characteristics, such as word length etc. Features of Common LISP It is machine-independent It uses iterative design methodology, and easy extensibility. It allows updating the programs dynamically. It provides high level debugging. It provides advanced object-oriented programming. It provides convenient macro system. It provides wide-ranging data types like, objects, structures, lists, vectors, adjustable arrays, hash-tables, and symbols. It is expression-based. It provides an object-oriented condition system. It provides complete I/O library. It provides extensive control structures. Applications Built in LISP Large